Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian Cancer Treatment
Ovarian cancer is a serious type of cancer that begins in the ovaries, the female reproductive organs responsible for producing eggs and hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. Ovarian cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the ovaries grow uncontrollably and form tumors.
This cancer is often called the “silent disease” because its symptoms may be mild or difficult to recognize in the early stages. Many women are diagnosed only when the disease has progressed to a more advanced stage. However, with timely diagnosis and expert medical care, ovarian cancer can be effectively treated.
Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer
Early-stage ovarian cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms. As the disease progresses, the following symptoms may appear:
Persistent Abdominal Bloating
Ongoing bloating or swelling in the abdomen that does not go away.
Pelvic or Abdominal Pain
Continuous pain or pressure in the pelvic or lower abdominal area.
Difficulty Eating
Feeling full quickly or difficulty eating normal amounts of food.
Frequent Urination
Increased urge to urinate or needing to urinate more often than usual.
Unexplained Weight Loss
Sudden weight loss without changes in diet or physical activity.
Fatigue
Persistent tiredness or lack of energy even after adequate rest.
Changes in Bowel Habits
Constipation, diarrhea, or other unusual bowel pattern changes.
Irregular Menstrual Cycles
Changes in menstrual cycle patterns or unusual bleeding.
Because these symptoms can be subtle, women experiencing persistent discomfort should consult a specialist for proper evaluation and early diagnosis.
Causes & Risk Factors
Several factors may increase the risk of developing ovarian cancer. Understanding these risk factors helps in identifying women who may benefit from early screening and monitoring.
Identifying these risk factors early allows doctors to recommend appropriate screening, genetic testing, and preventive strategies.
Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer
Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. Doctors may recommend several diagnostic tests to detect ovarian cancer and determine its stage.
Pelvic Examination
A physical examination of the reproductive organs to detect abnormalities or unusual growth.
Ultrasound Imaging
Ultrasound helps visualize the ovaries and detect tumors, cysts, or other abnormalities.
CA-125 Blood Test
This blood test measures CA-125 protein levels which may be elevated in ovarian cancer.
CT Scan or MRI
Advanced imaging tests help determine the size, location, and spread of the tumor.
Biopsy
A tissue sample is examined under a microscope to confirm the presence of ovarian cancer.
Prevention and Early Detection
Although ovarian cancer cannot always be prevented, certain measures may help reduce the risk and support early detection for better treatment outcomes.
Women with a strong family history of ovarian or breast cancer should consult a specialist about screening options and preventive strategies.
Stages of Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer is classified into stages depending on how far the cancer has spread within the body.
Stage 1
Cancer is confined to one or both ovaries.
Stage 2
Cancer spreads to nearby pelvic organs.
Stage 3
Cancer spreads to abdominal tissues or nearby lymph nodes.
Stage 4
Cancer spreads to distant organs such as the liver or lungs.
Why Choose Specialized Ovarian Cancer Treatment?
Specialized cancer care plays a crucial role in improving treatment success and overall patient survival in ovarian cancer cases.
Early diagnosis and expert treatment significantly improve survival rates and the quality of life for ovarian cancer patients.
Treatment Options for Ovarian Cancer
Surgery
Surgery is often the primary treatment and may involve removal of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and other affected tissues.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy uses powerful drugs to destroy cancer cells and reduce tumor growth.
Targeted Therapy
Targeted drugs focus on specific molecules involved in cancer cell growth and help slow the progression of ovarian cancer.
Hormone Therapy
Hormonal treatments may be used in certain types of ovarian cancer to slow or block tumor growth.
Ovarian Cancer – Frequently Asked Questions
Find answers to common questions about ovarian cancer symptoms, diagnosis, and advanced treatment options in Dehradun.
Early ovarian cancer symptoms are often subtle. Common warning signs include persistent abdominal bloating, pelvic pain, difficulty eating or feeling full quickly, frequent urination, and unexplained fatigue. If these symptoms persist for several weeks, it is important to consult a specialist.
The exact cause of ovarian cancer is not always known, but risk factors include genetic mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, family history of ovarian or breast cancer, increasing age, hormonal factors, and obesity.
Ovarian cancer is diagnosed through a combination of pelvic examination, ultrasound imaging, blood tests such as CA-125, and advanced imaging tests like CT scan or MRI. A biopsy may be required to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment for ovarian cancer usually involves surgery to remove the tumor followed by chemotherapy. In some cases, targeted therapy or hormone therapy may also be recommended depending on the type and stage of cancer.
Dr. Yamini Kansal is an AIIMS-trained Gynaecological Oncologist specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer and other gynecologic cancers. She provides advanced laparoscopic cancer surgery and personalized treatment plans for women in Dehradun.